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Republic of Maryland
The Republic of Maryland (also known as the Independent State of Maryland) was a small African-American nation which existed from 1854 to 1857, when it was merged into what is now Liberia.
The area was first settled in 1834 by freed African-American slaves and freeborn African Americans primarily from the U.S. state of Maryland, under the auspices of the Maryland State Colonization Society.〔(''The African Repository, Volume 14, p.42 ) Retrieved March 13, 2010〕〔Hall, Richard, ''On Afric's Shore: A History of Maryland in Liberia, 1834-1857''〕 In 1838, other African-American settlements were united into the Commonwealth of Liberia, which declared its independence in July 26, 1847. The Maryland colony remained apart, as the state colonization society wished to maintain its trade monopoly in the area. On February 2, 1841, Maryland-in-Africa became the State of Maryland. Following a referendum in 1853, the state declared its independence on May 29, 1854 as Maryland in Liberia,〔(''Constitution and Laws of Maryland in Liberia'', p.1 ) Retrieved March 13, 2010〕 with its capital at Harper.
==History==
In December 1831, the Maryland state legislature in the United States appropriated US$10,000 for 26 years to transport 10,000 free blacks and ex-slaves, and 400 Caribbean slaves from the United States and the Caribbean islands, respectively, to Africa; the Maryland State Colonization Society was established for this purpose.〔(Latrobe, John H. B., p.125, ''Maryland in Liberia: a History of the Colony Planted By the Maryland State Colonization Society Under the Auspices of the State of Maryland, U. S. At Cape Palmas on the South - West Coast of Africa, 1833-1853'', published in 1885. ) Retrieved Feb 16 2010〕 In this period, both slaveholders and abolitionists collaborated on transporting free blacks to Africa, if for different purposes. Slaveholders believed that free blacks threatened the stability of slave societies. Abolitionists hoped to encourage slaveholders to free their slaves and also worried about the discrimination faced by free blacks in the United States. Those who supported relocation to West Africa believed the African Americans might be able to form a better society for themselves there, away from white discrimination.
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